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Coins of Semirechie
History of Semirechie
Semirechie ("Seven Rivers") region is located on the territory of modern day Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan.
The name is derrived from the seven rivers flowing into the lake Balhash.
Formation of elements of statehood of the people of Semirechie relates to the
middle of the 1st millennium A.D. Ties were established with Byzantium,
India, China, Eastern Europe.
From the 7th century Semirechie, along with other lands from China to the
Syrdarya river, became Turkic possessions. Turks became actively involved
in international silk trade, and also became intermediaries between China and
Western states.
During 7th - 8th centuries, valleys of rivers Talas, Chu and Ili were
intensively colonized by Sogdians, which to the establishment there of tens of
cities and fortified settlements.
In the 7th century, the strongest tribe, the Tugreshs seized power. During the second half of the
8th century, the supremacy transferred over to the Karluk people. At the end of the 8th century, the
Arabs were in the process of pushing the Karluks out of Ferghana. But in the north-west, in Semirechye
the Arabs were stopped at the battle at Talas (in 751 A.D.) and did not advance any further to the east.
Mass migration of Sogdians during this period promoted further grouth of cities and settlements in the
Semirechie region. During this time, monetary circulation begins and develops in the cities of Semirechie.
The date of production of the first coins on the territory of Semirechie cannot be determined precisely.
Cast bronze coins were issued on the territory from Middle Syrdarya to the Irtysh River. The major
locations of finds of Tugresh coins, and therefore the centers of their production were settlements of
Suyab, Navekat and Taraz.
The state, which formed in the middle of the 10th century on the territory of Semirechie
and Eastern Turkestan, and having acquired the name of "Qarakhanids" by science, adopted Islam as the state religion.
The Qarakhanids adopted the organization of monetary economy and the technology of coin production,
which by that time was affirmed by the entire Islamic East. The coins of the Chinese type started to
get pushed out of circulation in favor of copper fals and silver dirhams. With that, early medieval
monetary complex of Semirechie, having consisted of cast bronze coins, seized to exist.
Coins catalog of Semirechie
Sr1
Sr2
City Suyab.
Unknown ruler.
Obverse: Bust-length image of the ruler
(ruler) three-quarters to the left, wearing a bashlyk-shaped headdress.
There
are large earrings in the ears.
To the right and left of the
portrait is a Sogdian legend.
Reverse: In the center of the coin is the
tamga sign of the Turgesh, in the form of a stylized letter
Sr3
Turgesh Khaganate.
Sovereign
Vakhshutava.
VIII century.
Obverse: Around the square hole is the
Sogdian legend
Sr4
Turgesh Khaganate.
First
half of the 8th century.
Obverse: Around the square hole is the
Sogdian legend
bg
y
twrkys
g
'
g
'n
pny "lord of the Turgesh Kagan fan."
Reverse: Tamga of the Turgeshes.
On
the left is a sign in the form of the runic letter
Sr5
Turgesh Khaganate.
Second
half of the 8th century.
Obverse: Around the square hole is the
Sogdian legend
bg
y
twrkys
g
'
g
'n
pny "lord of the Turgesh Kagan fan."
Reverse: Tamga of the Turgeshes.
On
the left is a sign in the form of the runic letter
Sr6
Turgesh Khaganate.
First
half of the 8th century - until the middle of the 9th century.
Obverse: Around the square hole is the
Sogdian legend
bg
y
twrkys
g
'
g
'n
pny "lord of the Turgesh Kagan fan."
Reverse of the Turgesh Tamga in the form
of a stylized letter
Sr7
Turgesh Khaganate.
First
half of the 8th century.
Obverse: Around the square hole is the
Sogdian legend
bg
y
twrkys
g
'
g
'n
pny "lord of the Turgesh Kagan fan."
Reverse: Tamga of the Turgeshes.
On
the left is a sign in the form of the runic letter
Sr8
Turgesh Khaganate.
First
half of the 8th century - until the middle of the 9th century.
Obverse: Around the square hole is the
Sogdian legend
bg
y
twrkys
g
'
g
'n
pny "lord of the Turgesh Kagan fan."
Reverse: In addition to the
tamga of the Turgesh, a tamga sign in the form of a stylized runic letter
Sr9
Turgesh Khaganate.
Sovereign
Inal-Tegin.
Mid-8th century.
Obverse: Around the square hole is the
Sogdian legend
Sr10
Turgesh Khaganate.
Sovereign
Inal-Tegin.
Mid-8th century.
Obverse: Around the square hole is a
distorted Sogdian legend
Sr11
Turgesh Khaganate.
Sovereign
Hai-Inal-Anir.
First half of the 8th century.
Obverse: Around the square hole is the
Sogdian legend
Sr12
Turgesh Khaganate.
Sovereign
Vakhshutava.
VIII century.
Obverse: Around the square hole is the
Sogdian legend
Sr13
Turgesh Khaganate.
Second
half of the 8th - beginning of the 9th century.
Around the square hole is a Sogdian
legend, read clockwise.
Reverse: Tamga of the Turgeshes.
On
the left is a sign in the form of the runic letter
Sr14
Tukhusy.
Second half of the
8th century.
Obverse: Around the square hole is the
Sogdian legend
Sr15
Tukhusy.
Second half of the
8th century.
Obverse: Around the square hole is the
Sogdian legend
Sr16
Tukhusy.
Second half of the
8th century.
Obverse: Around the square hole is a
Sogdian legend, read clockwise
Sr17
Tukhusy.
9th century
Obverse: Around the square hole is the
Sogdian legend
Sr18
Arslanids.
Beginning of the
8th century.
Obverse: Around the square hole is the
Sogdian legend
Sr19
Arslanids.
The end of the
9th - beginning of the 10th century.
Obverse: Around the square hole is the
Sogdian legend, read clockwise
bg
Sr20
Arslanids.
The end of the
9th - beginning of the 10th century.
Obverse: Around the square hole is the
Sogdian legend
bg
Sr21
Proto-Karakhanids.
Mid-10th
century.
Obverse: On the sides of the square hole
there is a Kufic inscription, at the top is “malik”, to the right is “aram”,
below is “yinal”, to the left is “chig”.
Reverse: Smooth, no differences.