The history of coinage of different countries

Coins of African countries

In 1914, on the map of Africa, only two states were independent: Liberia and Ethiopia, not yet occupied by Italy. 
 
Ethiopian Empire - could become a model of independence for African countries, if not for the Italian wars of conquest at the beginning of the 20th century (the occupation lasted 5 years - from 1936 to 1941). 
 
The second "independent" state is the very strange Republic of Liberia. In 1822, the United States acquired land in Africa, where former slaves who received freedom began to arrive from America. Those who founded the Republic following the example of the United States. At the same time, having gained freedom, at the new place of residence, the freedmen hunted by capturing the indigenous people and selling them into slavery.
 
I have already mentioned the African colonies of Portugal, France, Italy, Belgium, Germany in the relevant reviews. Also, a separate review is devoted to British coins issued for their colonies in Africa at the beginning of the 20th century, and a little earlier.

Coins of Asian countries

Coins of European countries

In this section you can get acquainted with the coins of European countries. As always, coin reviews are accompanied by small historical references and illustrations of coins mainly from their own collection. In exceptional cases, when mentioning infrequent and rare coins in the review, if I want to acquaint you with them, I will take photos from the Internet, which I will definitely warn you about. Gold coins will not be included in my reviews. The vast majority of European states are countries with centuries of history. Coin reviews for such states cover significant periods of time  and are therefore divided into several subsections corresponding to a certain period, for example, switching to the decimal system, the rule of a certain monarch, gaining independence, etc. For young states formed in the middle of the XIX, or even at the beginning of the XX century, reviews of all coins, from the moment of their formation until 1945 , will be contained mainly in one, undivided article. All articles are constantly edited, material from new receipts is added to them, possible inaccuracies are eliminated. 

North American country coins

South American coins

The states of South America in their present form were formed after the declaration of independence of the former colonies of Spain, Portugal, France, Great Britain and other European powers .
 
The war of independence, led by Simon Bolivar , Antonio Sucre , Jose de San Martin, Bernardo O'Higgins and others, led to the formation of independent states: Argentina, Bolivia, Venezuela, Guatemala, Honduras, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, El Salvador, Uruguay, Chile, Ecuador. The island states of Cuba and Puerto Rico continued to be Spanish until 1898, until the United States took control of these territories during the war.
 
Today, in addition to the above states, there are four more states on the continental part of South America. These are Brazil, Guyana, Suriname - the former colonies of Portugal, Great Britain and the Netherlands, respectively, as well as the overseas territories of France - Guiana. 
 
Of the Central American states that issued their coins in the period of interest to me, it is worth mentioning British Honduras (now Belize), as well as the island states: the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Hawaii, Dutch Curaçao and the French overseas territories of Guadeloupe and Martinique.

Colony coins

Coins of the war years

 

Emergency money (notgeld)

Emergency money (notgeld) was issued at the beginning of the 20th century in some European countries whose economies were affected by  World War I. These are Germany, France, Belgium, Spain , etc. The need to put notgeld into circulation was due to the financial crisis in wartime and the first post-war years, rapidly developing inflation, and a shortage of small bargaining chips. Since the release of notgeld was not engaged in the central bank of the state, but local municipalities and even cooperatives, they are not considered public money and they are highlighted in a separate category. In this section we will only talk about metal notgelds.

 

Exonumia

Exonumia is the collecting of objects that are similar to coins, but are not. These include tokens, payment tokens, commemorative and souvenir medals. The term "exonumia" was coined by the American numismatist Russell Rulau in 1960.