Today I want to start a cycle of reviews of coins of Latin American countries that were formed as a result of the collapse of the Spanish colonial empire on the American continent.
Latin America is the collective name of 20 countries of the American continent, the majority of the population in which speaks Spanish, Portuguese and French . List these states: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Venezuela, Haiti, Guatemala, Honduras, Dominican Republic, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, El Salvador, Uruguay, Chile, Ecuador.
Most of the territory of South and Central America was dependent on the Kingdom of Spain and was divided into four Viceroyalties (New Spain, New Granada, Peru, Rio de la Plata) and four Captaincy Generals (Guatemala, Santo Domingo, Venezuela and Chile), with the Captaincy Generals formally being part of the Viceroyalty states. The Viceroyalty and Captaincy General were actually governed by the "Royal Council and Military Committee for the Affairs of the Indies" (Real y Supremo Consejo de Indias) and reported directly to the Spanish monarch.
Coat of arms of the Second Mexican Empire
Emperor Maximilian I (reigned 1864-1867, life years 1832-1867)
In 1868, a large-scale issue of coins of a single state type took place at once at eleven (!) Mints in Mexico: Alamos, Chihuahua, Culiacan, Durango, Guadalajara, Guanajuato (Guanajuato), Hermosillo, Mexico City, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosi, Zacatecas. Legend REPUBLICA MEXICANA (Republic of Mexico).
KM # 391.6, 1 centavo 1892, m. Mexico City, copper, 12.9 M ex. years 1869-1897
KM # 394, 1 Centavo 1903, M.D. Mexico City, Copper, 8.4 M ex. years 1899-1905
KM # 398.10, 5 centavos 1896, m. Zacatecas, silver 0.903, 200 thousand exes, years 1870-1897
At the same time, in 1882, 1883, coins of 1, 2 and 5 centavos came into circulation, issued on blanks made of "unconventional" material - a copper-nickel alloy.
KM # 392, 1 centavo 1883, m. Mexico City, copper-nickel alloy, 100 million equivalent, years of manufacture 1882.1883
KM # 395, 2 centavos 1883, m. Mexico City, copper-nickel alloy, years 1882.1883
KM # 399, 5 centavos 1882, m.d. Mexico City, copper-nickel alloy, years 1882.1883
In 1905, at the initiative of the Minister of Finance, Jose Limantur, a monetary reform was launched, the purpose of which was to switch to the gold standard in the formation of the coin foot. At the same time, the weight and sample of issued coins decreased compared to the previous issue. By that time, the mint remained only in Mexico City.
The first issue included coins in denominations of 1 and 2 centavos made of bronze, 5 centavos made of nickel, 10, 20, 50 centavos made of 800 sterling silver. Legend of ESTADOS UNIDOS MEXICANOS (Mexican United States).
KM # 415, 1 centavo 1923, bronze, 4.8 M ex. years 1905-1949
KM # 419, 2 centavos 1941, bronze, 3.6 million copies, years 1905-1941
KM # 421, 5 centavos 1906, nickel, 10.6 MMex. years 1905-1914
KM # 428, 10 centavos 1906, silver 0.800, 8.4 M ex. years 1905-1914
KM # 435, 20 centavos 1906, silver 0.800, 6.9 M ex. years 1905-1914
KM # 445, 50 centavos 1906, silver 0.800, 17 million exes, years 1905-1918
President Porfirio Diaz (1830-1915)
The Mexican Revolution of 1910-1917, when representatives of all segments of the population acted as a united front against the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz, led to changes in the material for the procurement of some denominations of coins. At first, 10 centavos lost weight (from 2.5 to 1.8) and diameter (from 18 mm. up to 15 mm.). Then, coins in denominations of 5, 10 and 20 centavos began to be issued in bronze for some time.
KM # 422, 5 centavos 1935, bronze, 22 M ex. years 1914-1935
KM # 430 , 10 centavos 1935, bronze, 6 M ex. years of production 1919-1935
KM # 437 , 20 centavos 1935, bronze, 20 million ex. years 1920,1935
Issued in the 30s of the XX century, silver 10, 20 and 50 centavos lost weight, and 1 peso was first issued on silver blanks (not to be confused with the commemorative "horse" peso of 1910-1914).
KM # 431, 10 centavos 1926, silver 0.720, 2.7 M ex, years 1925-1935
KM # 438, 20 centavos 1937, silver 0.720, 10 million exes, production years 1920-1943
KM # 448, 50 centavos 1935, silver 0.420, 70.8 M ex, single year of manufacture
KM # 447, 50 centavos 1945, silver 0.720, 56.8 M ex. years of production 1919-1945
KM # 455, 1 peso 1932, silver 0.720, 50.8 M ex. years 1920-1945
In 1936, 5 and 10 centavos were produced on copper-nickel billets.
KM # 423, 5 centavos 1936, copper-nickel alloy, 46.7 MMex. production years 1936-1942
KM # 432, 10 centavos 1936, copper-nickel alloy, 4.7 million equivalent, production years 1936-1945
A trifle of the 1942-1943 model for the first time contains thematic plots.
KM # 424, 5 centavos 1944, bronze, 53.5 million copies, years 1942-1955
The 5 centavo coin features a profile of revolutionary Josefa Ortiz de Dominguez.
Josefa Ortiz de Dominguez
KM # 439, 20 centavos 1943, bronze, 46.4 million copies, years 1943-1955
The reverse of 20 centavos depicts the pyramid of the Sun in the ancient city of Teotihuacan (the city of the Gods).
Pyramid of the Sun in Teotiquan