Even before the Spaniards arrived on the Philippine islands, there was a distinctive civilization with which neighbors from mainland China, Thailand, the islands of Java and Borneo traded. Initially, trade was dominated by commodity exchange, which later gave way to settlements in cowrie shells. Somewhere in the 9th-12th centuries in the Philippines, when calculating, they began to use "piloncytos" - small gold balls with a nadchekan weighing up to 3 grams, as well as gold "barter rings."
The first own coins for Straits Settlements with a date of 1845 went into circulation on June 1, 1847. These were denominations of ¼, ½ and 1 cent minted on copper blanks. The obverse of the coins depicts the profile of Queen Victoria, on the reverse the denomination and the legend EAST INDIA COMPANY (East India Company).
Mongolian money circulation has a long and rich history. The first coins were cast during the Hunn, Turok and Uyghur dynasties. The minting of gold and silver coins called "sukhes" was especially intensified during the reign of Genghis Khan and his successors. It is hard to imagine that back in the 13th century, the Mongol Empire was a fairly financially developed state.
In 1876, following the rest of the world, Persia switched to machine coinage. The first press started working at the Tehran Mint, and all mints in other Persian cities were closed. The commissioning of the only state mint made it possible to issue coins of a single sample for the whole country, a single silver standard, weight and sample, as well as control the amount of cash coming into circulation.
In the XIII-XV centuries, when the territories of modern Thailand were called the Kingdom of Sukotai, kauri shells ("bia," Thai. เบี้ย) Caught in the Mekong River began to be used as funds. The use of the shells of these small mollusks as a means of payment has spread widely to Southeast Asia from China, where this method of calculation has been practiced since the 15th century BC. It should be noted that kauri as a means of payment found its spread in Africa during the slave trade, and even in Russia during the "coin-free period." The use of shells in small transactions continued in the Kingdom of Siam until the middle of the 19th century.
The review of coins of British India issued in the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century will be incomplete, if we do not mention the coins issued in the so-called "native principalities" - states on the territory of the Hindustan Peninsula, which were under the British protectorate, but formally were not part of British India. This review will be updated periodically with new sections.
On November 3, 1935, the Chinese government issued a decree on monetary reform. Issuing coins for single circulation throughout China was one of the steps towards economic unification of the country
In 1883, by decision of the Korean government, three used coin minters were purchased in Germany. Organized in Seoul, its own coin production in 1888 minted the first line of coins with a date (497), consisting of two coins - 5 and 10 mun.