Portugal is the westernmost state in Europe. In the series of revolutions that swept the continent in the last century, this country was the first to abolish the monarchy and become a Republic. It happened in 1910. The first coins of the Portuguese Republic, as well as the coins of the last four monarchs, will be discussed in this topic.
Contents.
Kingdom of Portugal.
I will start with a coin issued during the reign of King Pedro V (1853-1861). It was released in the last year of the life of the monarch, who died at 24.
King Pedro V of Portugal
KM # 493, 50 flight 1861, silver 0.917, 800 thousand copies, years of manufacture 1855,1861
A selection of coins of the next Portuguese King Luis I (1861-1889), the younger brother of Pedro V.
King Luís I of Portugal (D. Luís I de Portugal).
At the age of 23, Luis ascended the Portuguese throne shortly after the death of his brother, Pedro V. During the 28 years of his reign, no significant events occurred in the history of Portugal, except that his reforms allowed him to slightly expand the influence of the government on political decisions in the country and slavery was abolished in the colonies. Below is a small selection of bronze coins of the "late" Luis I.
KM # 525, 5 flight 1882, bronze, 5.2 MMex. years of manufacture 1882-1886
KM # 526, 10 flight 1884, bronze, 10.2 million ex. years 1882-1886
KM # 527, 20 flight 1884, bronze, 17.2 million ex. years 1882-1886
KM # 506, 50 flight 1889, silver 0.917, 1 million ex. years 1862-1889
KM # 510, 100 flight 1889, silver 0.917, 1.5 million ex. years 1864-1889
KM # 512, 200 flight 1886, silver 0.917, 340 thousand copies, years of manufacture 1865-1888
KM # 509, 500 flight 1889, silver 0.917, 960 thousand copies, years of production 1863-1889
In 1889, the son of Luis I, Carlos I, ascended the Portuguese throne. Portugal's lag in all spheres of life from other European monarchies negatively affected the state of the domestic political atmosphere in the country. Against the backdrop of general poverty and state financial insolvency declared in 1902, the next monarch continued to lead a stormy idle life, painted, traveled, and was interested in art. Meanwhile, serious anti-monarchist sentiments were brewing in Portugal. In 1908, an attempt was made on the king. Carlos I and his eldest son Luis Philippe died.
King Carlos I o Martirizado
Selection of small denominations of coins of Carlos I.
KM # 530, 5 flight 1890, bronze, 430 thousand copies, production years 1890-1906
KM # 532, 10 Flight 1892, Bronze, 9.3 M ex. years 1891-1892
KM # 533, 20 Flight 1891, Bronze, 3.3 M ex. years 1891-1892
KM # 536, 50 flight 1893, silver 0.917, 620 thousand copies, only year of production
KM # 531, 100 flight 1891, silver 0.917, 270 thousand exes, production years 1890-1898
KM # 534, 200 flight 1891, silver 0.917, 2.4 million ex. years 1891-1903
KM # 535, 500 flight 1896, silver 0.917, 5.1 million ex. years 1891-1908
KM # 540, 1000 Flight 1899, Silver 0.917, 1.5 M Ex., Single Year of Manufacture
In 1898, Portugal issued a line of commemorative coins dedicated to the 400th anniversary of the opening of the sea route to India by the Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama. The line includes three coins in denominations of 200, 500 and 1000 flights.
KM # 538, 500 flight 1898, silver 0.917, 300 thousand copies, only year of production
KM # 539, 1000 flight 1898, silver 0.917, 300 thousand copies, only year of production
The difficult situation in the Portuguese economy at that time is evidenced by the fact that 1900 and 50 coins were issued in 100 from a copper-nickel alloy. Until that time, Portuguese denominations over 50 flights were issued exclusively in silver 917 samples.
KM # 545, 50 Flight 1900, Copper-Nickel Alloy, 8 M Equivalent, Single Year of Manufacture
KM # 546, 100 flight 1900, copper-nickel alloy, 16 million equivalent, single year of manufacture
Carlos's son, Manuel II, who turned 19 in 1908, was unable to rule the once powerful state due to his age. His attempts to liberalize society led to the victory in the democratic elections of the socialists, who staged a revolution in 1910 and the last king of Portugal was forced to emigrate from the country.
King Manuel II of Portugal.
My selection of coins from his reign is limited to three denominations.
KM # 555, 5 Flight 1910, Bronze, 1 MM Ex., Single Year of Manufacture
KM # 548, 100 flight 1910, silver 0.835, production years 1909-1910 with a total circulation of 6.4 million copies.
KM # 549, 200 Flight 1909, Silver 0.835, 7.7 M Ex., Single Year of Manufacture
KM # 547, 500 flight 1908, silver 0.917, 2.5 million ex. years 1908-1909
Despite the fact that Manuel II ruled for just over 2.5 years, he managed to leave a mark on the numismatics of Portugal with the release in 1910 of three anniversary silver coins. The first two, in denominations of 500 and 1000 flights, are dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Iberian Wars, in which the Anglo-Spanish-Portuguese coalition opposed the army of Napoleon Bonaparte.
KM # 556, 500 flight 1910, silver 0.917, 200 thousand copies, only year of production
KM # 558, 1000 flight 1910, silver 0.917, 200 thousand copies, only year of production
The third coin is dedicated to the Marquis de Pombal, a very significant political figure in the Portuguese state .
Sebastián José de Carvalho y Melo, Marquis de Pombal, Comte de Oeyras (years 1699-1782)
KM # 557, 500 flight 1910, silver 0.917, 400 thousand copies, only year of production
Marquis de Pombal is credited with authoring several large-scale political and economic reforms, and his services in rebuilding Lisbon after the devastating earthquake of 1755 are also highly appreciated.
Portuguese Revolution period poster.
The first coins of the Republic were released back in 1912. The line of silver coins included 10, 20.50 centavos and 1 escudo.
KM # 549, 10 centavos 1915, silver 0.835, 3.4 M ex, single year of manufacture
KM # 562, 20 centavos 1916, silver 0.835, circulation 706 thousand copies, years of issue 1913,1916
KM # 561, 50 centavos 1913, silver 0.835, 4.4 M ex. years 1912-1916
KM # 564, 1 escudo 1915, silver 0.835, 1.8 M ex. years 1915-1916
In 1911, the Government of the Portuguese Republic announced a competition to design a commemorative coin to commemorate the victory of the Revolution. Of the many applications, the works of sculptors were selected - Jose Simoens de Almeida (1880-1950) and Francisco dos Santos (1878-1930). The obverse designed by dos Santos was based on his application for a planned but unrealized 4 centavos coin. The obverse of the coin depicts a woman in a Phrygian cap, symbolizing "Freedom," who holds a torch illuminating the path in her hand. On the shoulders of "Freedom" is a cape on which the national emblem of Portugal is visible. The reverse, designed by Simões de Almeida, was originally intended for the first Portuguese coins in denominations of 20 and 50 centavos. On the reverse is an image of the national coat of arms of Portugal framed by a wreath. Fascias are visible in the background, symbolizing the unity of the nation. Despite the fact that the year of issue is not on the coin, and only the date of the proclamation of the Republic is indicated - October 5, 1910, the year of issue of the coin is known for certain - 1914. Engraver - Domingos Alves do Rego (1873-1960, Domingos Rego).
KM # 560, 1 escudo 1910, silver 0.835, 1 M ex. single year of manufacture
Portugal initially remained neutral in World War I, but then sided with the Entente in February 1916. The issue of silver coins had to be abandoned, in 1917 coins began to be issued from bronze and copper-nickel alloy, and in 1918 in an extremely limited edition of 170 thousand copies. iron 2 centavos were issued.
KM # 565, 1 centavo 1918, bronze, 23 million ex. years of production 1917-1921
KM # 567, 2 centavos 1918, iron, copy
KM # 568, 2 centavos 1918, bronze, 4.3 million ex. years of production 1918-1921
KM # 569, 5 centavos 1921, copper-nickel alloy, 6 MM equivalent, production years 1920-1922
In 1917, a new female profile appeared on Portuguese coins, personifying "Freedom."
KM # 566, 4 centavos 1917, copper-nickel alloy, 5 million equivalent, production years 1917, 1919
Here "Freedom" looks younger than on the coins of the first republican issue. This plot took root, and several types of coins were issued in a similar design, including for colonies. Initially, in 1920-1922, denominations of 10 and 20 centavos in a copper-nickel alloy.
KM # 570, 10 centavos 1921, copper-nickel alloy, 1.3 million equivalent, production years 1920.1921
KM # 571, 20 centavos 1920, copper-nickel alloy, 1.6 million equivalent, production years 1920-1922
Then, starting in 1924, the same plot was repeated on bronze blanks.
KM # 572, 5 centavos 1927, bronze, 26 million ex. years 1924-1927
KM # 573, 10 centavos 1925, bronze, 9.1 million ex. years 1924-1940
KM # 574, 20 centavos 1925, bronze, 10.6 million ex. years of production 1924-1925
The design of the older denominations was different. On the coins of 50 centavos and 1 escudo, "Freedom" is seated on the throne with the banner of the Revolution in her left hand and a laurel branch in her right.
KM # 575, 50 centavos 1926, aluminum-bronze alloy, 4.3 MMex. years of production 1924-1926
KM # 576, 1 escudo 1924, aluminum-bronze alloy, 2.7 million equivalent, years of manufacture 1924.1926
Issued in 1927, coins in denominations of 50 centavos and 1 escudo were issued unchanged until 1968.
KM # 577, 50 centavos 1927, copper-nickel alloy, 2.3 M equivalent, years 1927-1968
KM # 578, 1 escudo 1928, copper-nickel alloy, 7.5 MM equivalent, years 1927-1968
The line of silver denominations of the 1932 model included denominations of 2 ½, 5 and 10 escudos.
KM # 580 , 2 ½ escudos 1944, silver 0.650, 9.1 million copies, years of production 1932-1951
KM # 581, 5 escudos 1933, silver 0.650, 6.7 M ex. years 1932-1951
KM # 582, 10 escudos 1932, silver 0.835, 3.2 M ex. years 1932-1948
KM # 579, 10 escudos 1928, silver 0.835, 200 thousand copies, only year of production
Commemorative coin dedicated to the 789th anniversary of the Battle of Ourica. The Portuguese decided not to wait another 11 years before the round date - the 800th anniversary, and issued a coin "early," in 1928. Why is this date significant for Portugal? On July 25, 1139, the army of Count Afonso won the battle with the Moors, after which, the next day, in the city of Guimaraes, Count Afonso proclaimed himself the first king of Portugal - Afonso I. Later, the archbishop on behalf of the Pope hands him the crown, and Portugal becomes an independent, independent state from the Kingdom of Leon in the form in which it exists now.
The reverse depicts, apparently, Afonso I of Portugal himself in military armor (aka Afonso I Enriques, Afonso the Great, Afonso the Conqueror, as well as Afonso the Founder). At the end of the 19th century, the sculptor Antonio Soares dos Reis in the city of Guimaraes, where Afonso was born, erected a monument to the first Portuguese king, which later inspired the engraver Domingos Alves do Rego to create the image of Afonso on the memorial coin
Monument to Afonso I in Guimaraes
Small denominations in the new design were released in 1942, already during the Second World War, during which Portugal formally remained a neutral side, although it did not refuse Britain to lease naval military bases on the Azores and managed to trade tungsten on both warring parties.
KM # 583, 10 centavos 1944, bronze, 5.1 million copies, years 1942-1969
KM # 584, 20 Centavo 1944, Bronze, 7.3 MMex. production years 1942-1969
Let's not forget that despite the rejection of the monarchical form of government, Portugal was in no hurry to part with its colonial possessions: Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, Portuguese India, Sao Tome and Principe, Macau, Cape Verde and East Timor. The colony of East Timor and colonies in Africa, for example, lasted until 1974-1975, and Macau until 1999! An overview of the coins of the Portuguese colonies here.
At the end of the review, I present to your attention the coins of the Azores.
In 1432, the Azores were discovered by the Portuguese navigator Gonçalo Velho Cabral. In 1976, the islands received the status of an autonomous region of Portugal . The first coins were issued in 1750.
KM # 13, 5 flight 1865 , copper , 90 thousand equivalent, years of manufacture 1865-1880
KM # 15, 20 flight 1865 , copper, 178 thousand copies, years of manufacture 1865,1866