In 1873, Denmark and Sweden formed a monetary union. The third member of this union was to be Norway, which at that time was in personal union and under a single monarchical rule with Sweden, but the Norwegian Parliament did not support the convention, and Norway became a member two years later, in 1875. This association was called the "Scandinavian Monetary Union" and was intended to simplify monetary circulation between countries, as it implied mutual acceptance for payments of funds by all members of the union. Despite the fact that the adjustment of currencies was based on reference to the gold exchange rate (1 crown=0.4032258 grams), I will not touch on gold coins in my review.
After the end of World War I, the participating countries began to violate the terms of the union, which ultimately led to the Scandinavian Monetary Union losing its relevance by 1926. At first, Denmark refused to issue gold coins and switched to paper banknotes, then Sweden canceled the circulation of gold coins and replaced the material of coins from bronze to iron and from silver to nickel-bronze (the rest of the countries later followed its example). In 1924, Sweden banned circulation on its territory and restricted the import of Danish and Norwegian currency.
Let me also remind you that in 1865 France, Belgium, Italy, Switzerland, Spain, Greece, Romania, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Serbia and San Marino formed the "Latin Monetary Union," which lasted until 1927.
Sweden.
The Swedish Royal Mint, located on the island of Kungsholmen in Stockholm, began operating in 1850. The building was purchased by the Swedish Crown in 1847 from English industrialist Samuel Owen.
Royal Mint on Kungsholmen Island in Stockholm. Engraving 1866.
The transition to a unified system of settlements between countries assumed the same names of monetary units. Therefore, in Sweden in 1873, a monetary reform was carried out: Riksdaler Riksmunts and Ore were withdrawn from circulation, and crowns and ore were issued in return. The former denominations of Sweden - riksdalers have been used as the monetary unit of Sweden since the 16th century.
Several "pre-reform" coins:
Coins from the reign of King Charles XIV Johan of Sweden (1818-1844).
King Charles XIV Johan of Sweden
KM # 639, 1/6 skilling 1835, copper, 538 thousand copies, years of manufacture 1835-1844
KM # 641. 2/3 skilling 1843, copper, 626 thousand copies, years of manufacture 1835-1843
Coins from the reign of King Oscar I of Sweden (1844-1859)
King Oscar I of Sweden (Oscar I).
KM # 657, 1/3 skilling 1854, copper, 495 thousand copies, years of production 1844-1855
During the reform of 1855, skillings were replaced by ore.
KM # 686, ½ ore 1858, bronze, 1.8 million copies, legend "RATT OCH SANNING" (Justice and Truth), years of production 1856-1858
KM # 687, 1 ore 1858, bronze, 6.3 million copies, medalist Lea Ahiborn - LA stamp, years 1856-1858
KM # 688, 2 ore 1858, bronze, 2.8 million copies, medalist Lea Ahiborn - LA stamp, years 1856-1858
KM # 690, 5th ore 1857, bronze, 731 thousand copies, medalist Lea Ahiborn - LA stamp, years of production 1857,1858
KM # 683, 10 ore 1857, silver 0.750, 1 million ex. medalist Lea Ahiborn - LA stamp, years of production 1855-1859
KM # 684, 25 ore 1859, silver 0.750, medalist Lea Ahiborn - LA stamp, years of production 1855-1859
Medalist Leia Alborn
Coins from the reign of King Charles XV of Sweden (1859-1872).
KM # 705, 1 ore 1864, bronze, 1.8 million copies, production years 1860-1872
KM # 706, 2 se 1872, bronze, 1.6 M ex. years 1860-1872
KM # 707, 5th ore 1867, bronze, 741 thousand copies, production years 1860-1872
KM # 710, 10 ore 1864, silver 0.750, production years 1861-1871
KM # 712, 25th ore 1864, silver 0.750, 266 thousand exs. years of production 1862-1871
Coins of the reign of King Oscar II of Sweden (1872-1907).
King Oscar II of Sweden.
KM # 728, 1 ore 1873 (ERROR: SVFRIGES), bronze, 1.9 million ex. only year of manufacture
KM # 729, 2nd ore 1873, bronze, 1.3 M ex. only year of manufacture
KM # 730, 5th ore 1873, bronze, 783 thousand copies, only year of production
Bronze coins of Sweden as part of the "Scandinavian Coin Union" differ in the size of the inscription BRODRAFOLKENS VAL, which literally translates as "Welfare of fraternal peoples." By "peoples" are meant the peoples of Sweden and Norway under a single rule.
Three different types of coins in denominations of 1 ore:
KM # 734, 1 ore 1874, bronze, 2.4 million exes, production years 1874-1877
KM # 745, 1 ore 1878, bronze, 1.6 million copies, years 1877-1880
Denominations in 2 op:
KM # 735, 2 ore 1875, bronze, 2.4 million copies, years of production 1874-1878
KM # 746, 2nd ore 1901, bronze, 1.4 MMex, years 1877-1905
Denominations in 5 ora:
KM # 736, 5 ore 1874, bronze, 866 thousand copies, production years 1874-1889
KM # 757, 5 ore 1902, bronze, 652 thousand copies, years of production 1888-1905
The changes that have taken place in the design of silver coins are more significant.
Denominations in 10 or:
KM # 737, 10 ore 1874, silver 0.400, 2.9 million ex. minzmeister Sebastian Tham (Gustaf Sebastian Tham) - stamp ST, years of issue 1874-1876
KM # 755, 10 ore 1896, silver 0.400, 2.1 million ex. minzmeister Emil Henric Brusewitz (Emil Henric Brusewitz) - mark EB, years of production 1880-1904
Denominations in 25 or:
KM # 738, 25 ore 1876, silver 0.600, 2.2 M ex. stamp ST, years of manufacture 1874-1878
KM # 739, 25 ore 1883, silver 0.600, 1.1 MMex. mark EB, issue years 1874-1905
A coin in 50 or was issued in only one version:
KM # 740, 50 ore 1899, silver 0.600, 720 thousand ex. stamp EB, years of manufacture 1875-1899
"Portrait" crowns with various portraits of the ruling monarch Oscar II.
KM # 741, 1 krona 1875, silver 0.800, 3.4 M ex. stamp ST, years 1875-1876
KM # 760, 1 krona 1903, silver 0.800. 473 kEq, mark EB, years of manufacture 1890-1904
KM # 742, 2 kroons 1876, silver 0.800. 370 kEq, EBT stamp, years of manufacture 1876-1880
KM # 761, 2 kroons 1897, silver 0.800. 207 kEq, mark EB, years of manufacture 1890-1904
KM # 762, 2 kronor 1897 "25 years of the reign of King Oscar II," silver 0.800, mark EB, only year of issue
In 1905, the Norwegian Parliament decided to terminate the union with Sweden. In this regard, in 1906 coins with a new legend were issued. On small denominations, the legend on the obverse is replaced by SVERIGES VAL (Welfare of Sweden), on coins of 1 and 2 crowns on the obverse the inscription informs that Oscar II is now King only of Sweden.
KM # 768, 1 ore 1907, bronze, 8.3 million ex. years 1906,1907
KM # 769, 2nd ore 1907, bronze, 3.8 million ex. years 1906,1907
KM # 770, 5th ore 1907, bronze, 2 million ex. years 1906,1907
KM # 774, 10 ore 1907, silver 0.400, 7.3 MMex., mark EB, only year of manufacture
KM # 775, 25th ore 1907, silver 0.600, 3.2 M ex. mark EB, only year of manufacture
KM # 772, 1 krona 1907, silver 0.800, 1.1 M ex. mark EB, years of manufacture 1906-1907
KM # 773, 2 kroons 1907, silver 0.800. 300 kEq, mark EB, years of manufacture 1906-1907
KM # 776, 2 crowns 1907, silver 0.800, 251 thousand copies, the only year of production. An anniversary coin commemorating the golden wedding of the reigning monarch and Queen Sofia.
In 1907, Oscar II passed away. The throne of Sweden passed to his son, Gustav V, who ruled the country until 1950. The variety of small coins put into circulation is not as great as that of its predecessor.
King Gustav V of Sweden (Gustaf V).
Coins in denominations of 1, 2 and 5 ore in an unchanged design were issued almost the entire period of the monarch's reign, from 1909 to 1941, while changing in material from bronze to iron during the First and Second World Wars. On the coins there is another legend, the motto of King Gustav V - MED FOLKNET FOR FOSTERLANDET, which translates as "With the people for the Motherland."
KM # 777.2, 1 ore 1932, bronze, 3.3 million copies, years 1909-1942
KM # 778, 2 ore 1926, bronze, 3.6 million copies, years of production 1909-1942
KM # 779.2, 5th ore 1935, bronze, 1.7 million copies, years 1909-1942
1 and 5 ore in the first year of production, in 1909 were minted with stamps with a "small" cross.
KM # 779.1, 5th ore 1909, bronze, 917 thousand copies, only year of production
In 1917, Sweden, the first of the Scandinavian countries, switched to the production of junior denominations of iron, replacing them with bronze. This was a direct violation of the "coin agreement."
KM # 789, 1 ore 1917, iron, 8.1 million copies, years of production 1917-1919
KM # 790, 2nd ore 1917, iron, 4.6 million copies, production years 1917-1919
KM # 791, 5th ore 1917, iron, 3 million copies, years of production 1917-1919
Silver denominations of the first issue since the beginning of the reign included denominations of 10, 25, 50 ore, 1 and 2 kroons.
KM # 780, 10 ore 1935, silver 0.400, 2.4 million ex. mintzmeister Alf Gerhard Grabe - stamp G, years of production 1909-1942
KM # 785, 25th ore 1917, silver 0.600, 1.7 million ex. minzmeister Karl-August Wallroth (Karl-August Wallroth) - stamp W, years of production 1910-1941
KM # 788, 50 ore 1939, silver 0.600, 922 thousand ex. stamp G, years of manufacture 1911-1939
KM # 786.2, 1 krona 1939, silver 0.800, 7.6 M ex. stamp G, years of manufacture 1924-1939
KM # 787.2, 2 kroons 1936, silver 0.800, 491.3 kEq, stamp G, years 1928-1940
Due to the difficult financial and economic situation of Sweden, like many other countries of post-war Europe, the issue of coins in 10, 25 and 50 ore in silver in 1920-1925 was temporarily suspended. Denominations saw the light on nickel-bronze alloy blanks in an updated design.
KM # 795, 10 ore 1924, nickel-bronze alloy, 1.6 million ex. stamp W, first production period 1920-1925
KM # 798, 25th ore 1921, nickel-bronze alloy, 1.4 million exa. stamp W, in the first issue minted only this year
KM # 796, 50 ore 1920, nickel-bronze alloy, 480 thousand ex. stamp W, first production period 1920-1924
The second "coming" of iron and nickel-bronze ores, as well as the release of silver coins in a new design, happened at the beginning of World War II.
KM # 799, 2 kroons 1921 "Gustav Vasa," silver 0.800, 266 thousand ex., stamp W, only year of production
The commemorative coin is dedicated to the anniversary of Sweden's independence. In 1521, Sweden, which was part of the Kalmar Union and dissatisfied with the policies of Denmark, which led it, decided to declare its independence. An armed uprising against the Danes was raised by the Swedish nobleman Gustav Vasa, who later, in 1523, became the first Swedish monarch.
First King of Sweden Gustav Vasa (reigned 1523-1560)
KM # 805, 2 kroons 1932 "Gustav II Adolf," silver 0.800, 253.8 thousand exes, stamp G, only year of production
The coin was issued in honor of the 300th anniversary of the death of King Gustav II Adolf of Sweden (life years 1594-1632, reign years 1611-1632).
King Gustav II Adolf of Sweden
KM # 806, 5 kronor 1935 "500 years of Riksdag," silver 0.900, 664 thousand exes, stamp G, only year of production
A commemorative coin was issued in honor of the 500th anniversary of the first "Assembly of Estates" - the progenitor of the Swedish parliament, held in 1435 in the city of Arbuga.
KM # 807, 2 kroons 1938 "New Sweden," silver 0.800, 508.8 thousand exes, stamp G, only year of production
The commemorative coin is dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the founding of the New Sweden colony on the American continent at the mouth of the Delaware and Christina rivers. The journey was made on the Swedish sailing ship Kalmar Nykel, which is depicted on the reverse of the coin.
Sailboat "Kalmar Nyukel" (artist Jacob Haag, 1933)
Denmark.
In 1874, the first coins of the currency "brought to a common denominator" were issued. Prior to this, the monetary unit of Denmark was the skilling rigsmonts and rigsdalers. A few coins for example at the bottom.
Coins from the reign of King Frederick VI of Denmark (1808-1839)
King Frederik VI of Denmark.
KM # 663, 2 skilling 1810, copper, years of manufacture 1809,1810.
KM # 670, 2 skilling 1811, copper, years 1810,1811.
KM # 680, 1 rigsbankskilling 1813, copper, single year of manufacture.
Coins from the reign of King Christian VIII of Denmark (1839-1848)
King Christian VIII of Denmark.
KM # 724, 1/5 rigsbankskilling 1842, copper, mark FF, single year of manufacture
KM # 725 , rigsbankskilling ½ 1842, copper, mark FK/VS - medalist Frederik Christopher Krohn, Minzmeister Georg Wilhelm Svendsen, only year of production
KM # 726.2, 1 rigsbankskilling 1842, copper, mark FK/VS, single year of manufacture
KM # 721.2, 4 rigsbanskillings 1842, silver 0.250, FK/VS stamps, single year of manufacture
Engraver Frederick Christopher Cron
Coins from the reign of King Frederick VII of Denmark (1848-1863).
King Frederick VII of Denmark.
KM # 753, Rigbankskilling ½ 1852, Copper, Single Year
KM # 756, 1 rigbankskilling 1853, copper, single year of manufacture
KM # 767, 1/2 skilling rigsmont 1857, bronze, single year of manufacture
KM # 763, 1 skilling rigsmont 1856, bronze, m.d. Altona (Denmark), years of manufacture 1856-1863
Alton Mint, closed in 1863.
KM # 758.2, 4 skilling rigsmont 1856, silver 0.250
KM # 765, 16 skilling rigsmont 1856, silver 0.500
minzmeister m.d. Copenhagen Georg Wilhelm Svendsen - stamp VS, years 1856-1858
Coins of the reign of King Christian IX of Denmark (1863-1906)
King Christian IX of Denmark.
KM # 776, ½ skilling rigsmont 1868, bronze, m.d. Koppenhagen, only year of manufacture
KM # 774, 1 skilling rigsmont 1872 , bronze, m.d. Coppenhagen, years 1867-1872
4 skilling rigsmont 1867, silver 0.250, single year of manufacture
The line of the first issue of coins of Denmark as part of the "Scandinavian Coin Union" corresponded to the coin stop of Sweden, as was stipulated by the above agreement and included bronze 1, 2, 5 ore and silver 10, 25 ore, 1 and 2 crowns in different samples. The difference was the absence of a 50 ore coin, common in Sweden and not traditional for Denmark. A little later, after the collapse of the "Union," a face value of ½ kroons will appear for a short time, but about everything in order.
Coins with the CS mark of Mintzmeister Diderik Christian Andreas Svendsen were issued from 1874 to 1892, with the VBP mark of Mintzmeister Wilhelm Burchard Poulsen was issued during from 1894 to 1906
KM # 792.2, 1 ore 1904, bronze, 5 million ex. years of production 1894-1904
KM # 793.1, 2 ore 1883, bronze, 2 million ex. years 1874-1892
KM # 794.2, 5th ore 1899, bronze, 601 thousand copies, years of production 1894-1906
KM # 795.2, 10 ore 1894, silver 0.400, 1.5 million exes, years 1894-1905
KM # 796.1, 25th ore 1891, silver 0.600, 1.2 M ex. years 1874.1891
The medalist in the creation of 1 and 2 crown coins was the Danish sculptor Harald Conradsen (Harald Conradsen), his HC stamp is present on the coin together with the CS minzmeister stamp.
Sculptor Harald Konradsen
KM # 797.1, 1 krona 1876, silver 0.800, 1.3 M ex. years 1875, 1876, 1892
KM # 798.1, 2 kroons 1875, silver 0.800, 3.4 M ex. years 1875, 1876
During the reign of Christian IX, three jubilee coins in denominations of 2 crowns were issued. The coins are dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the reign (1888), the Golden Jubilee of the wedding of the royal couple (1892) and the 40th anniversary of the reign (1903).
KM # 799, 2 kronor 1888 "25th Anniversary of the Reign," silver 0.800, 101 thousand exes, only year of issue
KM # 800, 2 kroons 1892 "50 year wedding anniversary," silver 0.800, 101 thousand copies, only year of issue
KM # 802, 2 kroons 1903 "40th Anniversary of Christian IX's Reign," silver 0.800, 103 thousand exes, only year of issue
Regarding the death of Christian IX and the ascension to the throne of the next monarch - Frederick VIII, in 1906 a commemorative coin was issued, also in denominations of 2 crowns.
KM # 803, 2 kroons 1906 "The Death of Christian IX. The Ascension to the Throne of Frederick VIII," silver 0.800, 151 thousand copies, only year of issue
King Frederick VIII of Denmark ruled for only 6 years (1906-1912) and issued only one line of coins.
King Frederik VIII of Denmark.
The Mintzmeister remained the same - Wilhelm Bürhard Poulsen (brand VBP), the medalist at that time was Knud Gunnar Jensen (Knud Gunnar Jensen) - brand GJ.
KM # 804, 1 ore 1909, bronze, 3 million ex. years of production 1907-1912
KM # 805, 2nd ore 1909, bronze, 2.5 million copies, years 1907-1912
KM # 806, 5th ore 1907, bronze, 1 million ex. years 1907-1912
KM # 807, 10 ore 1912, silver 0.400, 2 million ex. years of production 1907-1912
KM # 808, 25th ore 1907, silver 0.600, 2 million ex. years 1907, 1911
In connection with the death in 1912 of Frederick VIII and the accession to the throne of Christian X (reign of 1912-1947), Denmark traditionally issues a commemorative coin in denominations of 2 crowns.
KM # 811, 2 kroons 1912 "The Death of Frederick VIII, The Ascension to the Throne of Christian X," silver 0.800, 102 thousand copies, only year of issue
King Christian X of Denmark.
During the 35 years of his reign in Denmark, a total of 45 different types of coins were issued for circulation.
The first line of coins carried the combination of the stamps of the minzmeister and the medallier the same as the previous monarch - VBP/GJ.
KM # 812.1, 1 ore 1915, bronze, 5 million copies, years 1913-1917
KM # 813.1, 2nd ore 1914, bronze, 2.1 million ex. years 1913-1917
KM # 814.1, 5th ore 1916, bronze, 887 thousand copies, years of production 1913-1917
KM # 818.1, 10 ore 1918, silver 0.400, 5 million ex. years of production 1914-1917
KM # 815.1, 25th ore 1918, silver 0.600, 2.1 M ex, years 1913-1917
The design of coins in denominations of 1 and 2 crowns, produced at that time, was developed by another medalist - Andreas Frederik Vilhelm Hansen, so the combination of initials is different - VBP/AH.
Medallier Andreas Frederick Wilhelm Hansen
KM # 819, 1 krona 1915, silver 0.800, 1.4 M ex. years 1915,1916
KM # 820, 2 kroons 1916, silver 0.800, 402 thousand copies, years of manufacture 1915,1916
In 1918, while maintaining the combination of VBP/GJ stamps, coins 1, 2 and 5 ore, following Sweden, were also issued on iron blanks.
KM # 812.1а, 1 ore 1918, iron, 6.8 MMex. only year of manufacture
KM # 813.1а, 2nd ore 1918, iron, 4.2 million copies, only year of manufacture
KM # 814.1а, 5 ore 1918, iron, 2 MM equivalent, single year of manufacture
In 1919, Hans Christian Nielsen took the place of the minzmeister, in connection with which there was a change in the combination of stamps on HCN/GJ. In addition, after the end of World War I, they again returned to the issue of denominations 1, 2 and 5 ore from bronze. In the same year, 1919, the last issue of 10 and 25 ore on silver blanks took place. Since 1920, coins of this denomination began to be issued in a copper-nickel alloy.
KM # 818.2a, 10 ore 1921, copper-nickel alloy, 8 million equivalent, production years 1920-1923
KM # 815.2a, 25th ore 1921, copper-nickel alloy, 9.4 M equivalent, production years 1920-1922
The next line of coins, which were issued in 1924, is radically different from its predecessors. For the first time in the history of Denmark, small denominations from 1 to 25 ore are made on blanks with a hole. The first variant is with a combination of HCN/GJ stamps (1924-1926), the second N/GJ variant (1927-1940). "N" is the stigma of Niels Peter Nielsen.
KM # 826.1, 1 ore 1927, bronze, production years 1926,1927
KM # 827.2, 2nd ore 1929, bronze, 6.8 million ex. years 1927-1940
KM # 828.2, 5th ore 1927, bronze, years 1927-1940
KM # 822.2, 10 ore 1931, copper-nickel alloy, 3.1 million equivalent, production years 1929-1941
KM # 823.2, 25 ore 1932, copper-nickel alloy, 846 thousand equivalent, production years 1929-1940
KM # 831.1, ½ crowns 1925, aluminum-bronze alloy, 3.4 million equivalent, production years 1924-1926
KM # 824.2, 1 kroon 1935, aluminum-bronze alloy, 505 thousand equivalent, production years 1929-1941
KM # 825.1, 2 crowns 1926, aluminum-bronze alloy, 1.1 million equivalent, production years 1924-1926
KM # 821, 2 kroons 1923 "Silver Wedding," silver 0.800, 203.4 thousand copies, only year of production
KM # 829, 2 kroons 1930 "60 years of King Christian X," silver 0.800, 302.6 thousand exes, only year of production
KM # 830, 2 kroons 1937 "25 years of the reign of King Christian X," silver 0.800, 208.7 thousand copies, the only year of production
KM # 836, 2 kroons 1945 "75 years since the birth of King Christian X," silver 0.800, 156.6 thousand copies, the only year of production
See coins from the German occupation of Denmark in World War II here.
Various variations of the mintsmeister/medalist combinations are also found on Danish coins issued for their territories: Iceland, Greenland and the Faroe Islands.
Norway.
Norway, in turn, when switching to common denominations, moved away from skilling and scattering dalers.
KM # 329, skilling ½ 1867, copper, 3.6 M ex, single year of manufacture
Norway's coins minted during the 1874-1875 transition period should be highlighted. On coins in denominations of 10 ore, 50 ore and 1 crown, their equivalent in the old currency is duplicated: 3, 15 and 30 skills, respectively.
KM # 345, 10 ore 1874 (3 skills), silver 0.400, 2 million ex. years 1874-1875
After the monetary reform of 1875, the following coins were issued:
KM # 352, 1 ore 1893, bronze, 3 million ex. years 1876-1902
KM # 353, 2nd ore 1876, bronze, 1.8 million exes, production years 1876-1902
KM # 349, 5 ore 1902, bronze, 705 thousand copies, years of production 1875-1902
KM # 350. 10 ore 1889, silver 0.400. 750 thousand copies, years of manufacture 1875-1903
KM # 360, 25th ore 1899, silver 0.600, 600 thousand copies, years of production 1896-1904
KM # 356, 50 ore 1877, silver 0.600, 800 thousand exes, production years 1877-1898
KM # 357, 1 kroon 1893, silver 0.800, 100 thousand equivalent, years of manufacture 1877-1904
KM # 359, 2 crowns 1897, silver 0.800, 50 thousand exes, years of manufacture 1878-1904
Please note that on all issued denominations along with the coat of arms of Norway there is a monogram of the King of Sweden Oscar II, and the inscription in Norwegian "BRODERFOLKENES VEL" carries the same meaning as on Swedish coins of that time.
In 1905, Haakon VII (1905-1957) becomes King of Norway, after breaking the union with Sweden.
King Haakon VII of Norway.
The first issue of coins took place in 1906-1907. These were denominations of 1, 2 and 5 ore. The design of the coat of arms and monogram of the monarch has changed.
KM # 361, 1 ore 1906, bronze, 3 million ex. years 1906,1907
KM # 362, 2nd ore 1907, bronze, 980 thousand copies, years of manufacture 1906,1907
KM # 363, 5th ore 1907, bronze, 200 thousand exes, only year of production
The Norwegians were very happy to leave the Swedish-Norwegian Union and gain their own, independent state. A year later, after such a significant event, the Norwegian government thought about perpetuating it with the release of a commemorative silver coin . The design of the coin was entrusted to the artist Gerhard Munthe.
Artist Gerhard Munthe (1849-1929), portrait by C. Krogh, 1885
On the reverse of the coin, he depicted a lush tree with a thick trunk, against the background of which the inscription NORGES UAVHÆNGIGHED GJENNOMFØRT 1905 is engraved (Independence of Norway was proclaimed in 1905). In a circle of coins, the artist depicted a continuous chain of 14 human hands.
Based on Munthe's drawing, the engraver Ivar Throndsen made a stamp pair. On the obverse of the coin, he depicted the Norwegian royal coat of arms, surrounded by a chain of the Order of St. Olav, against a background of drapery crowned with a crown.
KM # 363, 2 kroons 1906 "Independence of Norway," silver 0.800, 100 thousand copies, only year of production
Medallier Ivar Trondsen (1853-1932)
The coin was very popular among the Norwegians, and in 1907 it was additionally issued, with a smaller circulation of 54.6 thousand copies. and with minor changes affecting the size of the coat of arms on the obverse.
KM # 365, 2 kroons 1907 "Independence of Norway," silver 0.800, 54.6 thousand copies, only year of production
The Norwegian military, who participated in the events of 1905, asked the Government to note the fact of their participation also by presenting these commemorative coins. At a meeting of the Government dedicated to this request, it was proposed to issue a special coin for these purposes, similar in design, but with distinctive features. As a result, the engraver added two crossed rifles and a cavalry saber to the reverse, and the reverse was left unchanged - a small coat of arms. The circulation of this special issue is even less - 27.5 thousand copies.
The second issue of coins of regular minting took place in 1908.
KM # 367, 1 ore 1929, bronze, 5 million ex. years of production 1908-1941
KM # 371, 2nd ore 1928, bronze, 52.3 MMex. years of production 1909-1940
KM # 368, 5th ore 1935, bronze, 496 thousand copies, years of production 1908-1941
KM # 372, 10 ore 1911, silver 0.400, 1.7 M ex, years 1909-1919
KM # 373, 25th ore 1913, silver 0.600, 400 thousand exs. years of production 1909-1919
KM # 374, 50 ore 1918, silver 0.600, 3.1 M ex, years 1909-1919
KM # 369, 1 kroon 1914, silver 0.800, 602 thousand copies, years of production 1908-1917
KM # 370, 2 crowns 1917, silver 0.800, 378 thousand copies, years of production 1908-1917
Small denominations, in the same design in the First World War, were produced on iron blanks.
KM # 367a, 1 ore 1918, iron, 6 MM equivalent, years of manufacture 1918-1921
KM # 371a, 2nd stage 1920, iron, 2.6 million copies, production years 1917-1920
KM # 368a, 5th ore 1919, iron, 3.5 million copies, years of production 1917-1920
In 1920, when issuing senior denominations, like other Scandinavian states, Norway abandoned silver in favor of a copper-nickel alloy. 10, 25 and 50 ore on copper-nickel workpieces were put into circulation, with 25 and 50 ore on workpieces with and without a hole.
Below is a complete selection of coins issued at that time.
KM # 378, 10 ore 1920, copper-nickel alloy, 2.5 million equivalent, production years 1920-1923
KM # 381, 25 ore 1921, copper-nickel alloy, 4.8 million equivalent, production years 1921-1923
KM # 382, 25th ore 1923, copper-nickel alloy, hole-punch version, years 1921-1923
KM # 379, 50 ore 1922, copper-nickel alloy, 3 million equivalent, production years 1920-1923
KM # 380, 50 ore 1921, copper-nickel alloy, hole blank version, production years 1920-1923
In 1924, the line of issued coins from 10 ore to 1 crown received an update. This was the last pre-war issue. The design changed, but the hole remained on the coins.
KM # 383, 10 ore 1939, copper-nickel alloy, 1.5 million equivalent, production years 1924-1951
KM # 384, 25 ore 1927, copper-nickel alloy, 6.2 million equivalent, production years 1924-1950
KM # 386, 50 ore 1928, copper-nickel alloy, 1.5 million equivalent, production years 1926-1949
KM # 385, 1 kroon 1936, copper-nickel alloy, 700 thousand equivalent, production years 1925-1951
In 1814, Danish troops, allied with the Napoleonic army, were defeated by coalition troops, which included the unification of the forces of England, Sweden, Austria, Russia and others. As a result of the Kiel Peace Treaty, Denmark ceded to Sweden the territory of Norway, with which it entered the union, and left itself the original Norwegian islands: Faroe Islands, Greenland and Iceland. Since the union - the joint state did not imply the subordination of one state to another, the Norwegians did not like this decision. In May 1814, the Constituent Assembly adopted the Constitution of Norway, which is still in force today. Norway gained complete independence from Sweden only in 1905, but the adoption of its own Constitution was the first step on this path.
In honor of the 100th anniversary of the Constitution, it was decided to issue a commemorative coin. The Ministry of Finance in 1913 organized an open design competition. The authoritative jury, consisting of architect Arnstein Arneberg, sculptor Seren Lexow-Hansen, medalist Ivar Trondsen, university professor of Roman philosophy Uwe Wangensten and artist Ulaf Wolde-Thorn, chose two of the best models: made of wood by sculptor Dagfin Akin Erenskiold, and made of plaster by the sculptor Ingebrig Vick, but none of them received the support of the Ministry of Finance. Then the development was entrusted to the professor of the Academy of Arts, sculptor Gunnar Utsand, whose creation was embodied in metal.
KM # 377, 2 crowns 1914, silver 0.800 , 225.6 thousand exes, only year of production
For coins from the period of the German occupation of Norway during World War II, see here.
In conclusion, I note that so far the Scandinavian states have not entered the Euro zone and have not lost their national currencies. The ore/krona monetary system adopted by them in 1873 still exists.